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Application Background

● Ecological flow refers to the water flow required to maintain the ecological environment in a river basin. In recent years, insufficient ecological flow discharge from some hydropower stations has caused water reduction, dehydration, or even dry-up of some river sections, affecting the normal ecological functions of rivers and the production and life of the masses to a certain extent.

● To ensure ecological water use in rivers and lakes, promote the green development of small hydropower stations, and maintain the healthy life of rivers, the "Notice of the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on Strengthening the Supervision of Ecological Flow in Small Hydropower Stations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt" (Shuidian [2019] No. 241) was issued. To promote the construction of the ecological flow monitoring and management platform for small hydropower stations, the Ministry of Water Resources organized the compilation of the "Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Water Resources on Printing and Distributing the Technical Guidelines for the Ecological Flow Supervision Platform of Small Hydropower Stations" (Ban Shuidian Han [2019] No. 1378).

● The Hydropower Station Ecological Flow Monitoring and Management System requires real-time monitoring of the ecological flow discharge data of hydropower stations, video/image monitoring of the discharge outlet, and remote transmission of on-site information to provincial water conservancy and environmental protection platforms to realize real-time monitoring, management, and data sharing.

System Composition

System Functions

● Real-Time Monitoring of Discharge Flow: 

The ecological flow monitoring terminal DATA-9201 collects data from measuring instruments at the discharge outlet in real time, directly reads the flow meter or converts flow through water level, and transmits it to the center. It can also be expanded to monitor rainfall, water quality, etc.

● Video/Image Monitoring of Discharge Outlet: 

The ecological flow monitoring terminal controls cameras to take photos regularly, save and push images to the center, with real-time video monitoring supporting the GB/T 28181 video transmission protocol.

● Real-Time Flow Data Overlay on Video/Images: 

Through internal programs, the ecological flow monitoring terminal overlays information such as power station statistical code, power station name, sampling time, real-time flow data, and approved flow on videos/images, then transmits them to the center.

● Reporting to Provincial Platforms in Accordance with Water Conservancy/Environmental Protection Ministry  Standards: 

• Multiple communication methods optional:  

• Optical Fiber/4G (transmitting video and data), 3G/2G (transmitting data and photos), NB-IoT (transmitting data  only).

● Multiple reporting protocols available:

•   "Water Resources Monitoring Data Transmission Protocol (SL/T427-2021)",

•   "Water Resources Monitoring Data Transmission Protocol (SZY206-2016)",  

•   "Pollutant Source Online Automatic Monitoring (Monitoring) System Data Transmission Standard (HJ/T212-2017)",  

•    "Hydrological Monitoring Data Communication Protocol (SL651-2014)", 

•    "Sichuan Provincial Hydrological Measurement and Reporting System Technical Specifications (SCSW008-2015)", 

•     MQTT protocol,  

•     customizable other special protocols. 

● Remote Monitoring and Management Platform 

• Automatic Assessment:  

• Discharge compliance rate, equipment online rate, automatic alarm for non-compliance. 

• Discharge Status Display:  Ecological flow data, historical images, real-time video. 

• Power Station Management: 

•  Map display of all monitoring points, list display of monitoring point information, search for monitoring points,  exemption management.

•   Statistical Reports: 

•  Daily/monthly/annual statistics, flow curve generation, report export, ecological electricity price subsidy standard  statistics.

System Advantages

● Hardware Equipment Docking: 

Equipment reports monitoring data to provincial/municipal platforms in accordance with standard hydrological/water resources/environmental protection/MQTT protocols, supporting customization of other protocols.

● Software Docking:

•  Slight feeling Hydropower Station Ecological Flow Monitoring Software docks with provincial platforms through database/HTTP+JSON/OPC methods.

• ￮Local storage of data, videos (or images) with data retransmission function.

• Convenient for monitoring points without network conditions: Regularly export information on-site with solid-state drives (or U disks) and submit to the supervision platform via computers.

•  Automatically retransmit stored data to the supervision platform when the communication network is restored, ensuring data continuity and accuracy.

•  Convenient for data and video/image backup for monitoring points with network access.

• ￮Remote modification of collection parameters without on-site visits.

Flow Measurement Methods

（1）Pipeline Discharge Type:

￮Measuring Equipment: Pipeline Flow Meter.

￮Flow Measurement Method: Direct reading from flow meter.

￮Features: High precision, low installation and construction difficulty; similar to ordinary water supply pipeline flow measurement.

（2）Channel Discharge Type:

￮Measuring Equipment: Open Channel Flow Meter, Radar Flow Meter (for flow measurement); Ultrasonic/Radar/Submersible Level Gauge (for water level measurement).

￮Flow Measurement Method: Direct reading from flow meter (Open Channel Flow Meter, Radar Flow Meter); Water level conversion method (RTU embedded calculation formula to convert water level to flow).

￮Features: Low installation and construction difficulty, wide application range; moderate precision, high cost (manual construction of water measurement weirs and flumes required for most irregular channel shapes).

（3）Gate Opening Discharge Type:

￮Measuring Equipment: Ultrasonic/Radar/Submersible Level Gauge (measuring water levels before and after gates); Gate Position Meter (measuring gate opening degree).

￮Flow Calculation Method: The monitoring terminal RTU has a built-in hydraulic P75 formula to directly convert the discharge flow through the water levels before and after the gate and the gate opening degree.

￮Features: Moderate installation difficulty, civil engineering required, moderate cost; wide application range (suitable for most hydropower stations), moderate precision.

（4）Artificial Pumping Discharge Type:

￮Measuring Equipment: None.

￮Flow Measurement Method: Calculate the pump head directly according to the pump power to obtain the discharge flow data. This mode judges whether the flow is discharged by monitoring the pump current; only the pump power needs to be monitored to convert the discharge flow value.

￮Features: Extremely simple installation, low cost; moderate precision, narrow application range; requires continuous power supply to the pump, consuming electrical resources.

（5）Unit Power Generation Discharge Type:

￮Measuring Equipment: None.

￮Flow Measurement Method: Directly monitor the unit power generation to infer the discharge flow data. This mode only requires installing a measurement electric meter to calculate the discharge flow through the generating power.

￮Features: Simple installation, low cost; moderate precision, narrow application range; only adopted by downstream hydropower stations.